Neurulation Quiz

A prenatal ultrasound was performed following complications in early pregnancy. The clinical exam noted that there were physical defects due to interruption of the initial development of neural crest cells. Which of the following components of neurulation would most likely have been specifically involved in this early interruption of neural crest cell development?

A newborn was born via uncomplicated vaginal delivery to a 23-year-old woman. Upon examination of the newborn, it was noted that there was a fluid-filled swelling at the L4 and L5 lumbar vertebral level. The clinical exam and imaging showed that the swelling contained cerebrospinal fluid and displaced the spinal cord. There was also weakness of the muscles of the lower limb. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

During a fetal ultrasound, it was noted that there were major defects of the central nervous system, most likely due to failure of the diencephalon to develop completely. Which of the following would most likely be poorly developed or absent in the fetus?

A 68-year-old male was admitted to the hospital after suffering major headaches and nausea for several weeks. A CT scan indicated a cerebellar lateral hemisphere tumor compressing against the superior orbital fissure. Which of the following clinical findings would most likely be expected in this patient?